Textual Visualization

http://cs.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/Visualizations:_Lexical/Text

Textual visualization involves mapping words and looking at their pattern in a visual perspective.  This makes you look at maps in a completely different way. For example, this map is surrounded on the view of chemistry and the popularity of the departments located within. The popularity is dictated by the colorful circles that become larger or smaller due to the number of students who graduated successfully with Phd's in their respective programs.  

Pie Chart

http://www.statmethods.net/graphs/pie.html

A pie chart is a circular graph that is divided into sectors in order to display numerical proportion. The name itself comes from its resemblance to an actual pie. Pie charts are very common and used in a variety ways to show things such as measuring education, political factors, economic impacts, and etc. The pie chart above shows a pie chart of countries in comparison to population size.  

Bathymetric Maps

http://www.gulfofmaine-census.org/about-the-gulf/physical-characteristics/bathymetry/

Bathymetric maps look at sea floor elevation. It is essentially the underwater counterpart of an above water topographic map.  It serves to measure the depths of water.  The map above is showing the gulf of Maine and looking at the depths of water throughout the area as measured through meters. It also uses false colors in order to display deeper bodies of water in comparison to more shallow areas.

Geopotential Height Map

http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/images/climate/enso/geo_heights.php

Geopotential height maps is the elevation of a given air pressure. It approximates the true height of a pressure surface above a mean sea level. An example of geospatial height is when cold air is less dense than warm air; the pressure surfaces then tends to rise. This shows that heights are greater in warm air pockets. 

Albers Equal Area Projection

http://www.mgaqua.net/AquaDoc/Projections/Projections_Conic.aspx

Albers Equal Area Projections are used for maps showing specifically the United States, or large areas within its borders. This conic projection is also used for other large countries as well. The Albers Equal Area Projections have equal area and are excellent for thematic maps because it keeps the states at the same size. This can be used to display population distributed across a state or regions area. 

Mercator Projection

http://www.geoatlas.com/en/maps/world-maps-0/mercator-projection-24

One of the most common map projections is the Mercator projection. The Mercator projection is a conformal map; this means it projects true shapes.  The simple outline of the 7 continents corresponds very closely to what is seen in the real world. The Mercator world map was made in 1569 and is one of the most popular maps known to date. 

Cartographic Animation

http://www.efootage.com/stock-footage/22359/Hurricane_Weather_Map_Images/

Cartographic animation is the use of animation through videos or computers in order to add a time-based factor to a map. This displays change in some dimension that is typically displayed as an “over time” effect. The animation is typically shown at a much faster, or slower rate, to show the viewer the desired effect. Cartographic animation is used to show the effects of things such as tsunamis, thunderstorms, and hurricanes to show how the component spreads across the region.   

Mental Map

http://www.mindmapinspiration.com/top-10/

A mental map looks a person’s perception of an area of interaction. Mental maps can show things such as how a person perceives geography through things such as geography as well as what their personal preferences are.